Fluid Loss and Filtration Properties of a Citrus Sinensis Pectin Extract-based Drilling Mud

The production of drilling mud using pectin extracted from Citrus Sinensis peels was carried out. The extraction was carried out using water-hot acid technique which is a conventional method, and the extracted pectin was pre-gelatinized using calcium water. The pre-gelatinized pectin biopolymer was used to prepare drilling mud. Filter loss method was used to determine the filtration properties of the mud at 25°C and 200°C and 0.1g/mol concentration of pectin polymer was compared to the filtration behavior of hydroxyl propyl starch modified drilling mud. Our results showed that the pectin biopolymer mud (PPM) has better filtration control behavior than the hydroxyl propyl starch modified drilling mud (CMM). The study also showed that highest sorptivity value of 21.25 was obtained with PPM at 200°C, while the highest diffusivity value of 0.424 was obtained with CMM at 200°C. Keywords: Pectin, Citrus, Biopolymer, Sorptivity, Diffusivity, Drilling mud, Filtration DOI: 10.7176/CMR/12-3-03 Publication date:March 31st 202

Association of smoking and right ventricular function in middle age: CARDIA study

Objective: To evaluate the association of cigarette smoking and right ventricular (RV) systolic and diastolic functions in a population-based cohort of individuals at middle age. Methods: This cross-sectional study included participants who answered the smoking questionnaire and underwent echocardiography at the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adulthood year 25 examination. RV systolic function was assessed by echocardiographic-derived tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and by right ventricular peak systolic velocity (RVS\u27), while RV diastolic function was evaluated by early right ventricular tissue velocity (RVE\u27). Multivariable linear regression models assessed the relationship of smoking with RV function, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, pulmonary function, left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and coronary artery calcium score. Results: A total of 3424 participants were included. The mean age was 50+/-4 years; 57% were female; and 53% were black. There were 2106 (61%) never smokers, 750 (22%) former smokers and 589 (17%) current smokers. In the multivariable analysis, current smokers had significantly lower TAPSE (beta=-0.082, SE=0.031, p=0.008), RVS\u27 (beta=-0.343, SE=0.156, p=0.028) and RVE\u27 (beta=-0.715, SE=0.195, p \u3c 0.001) compared with never smokers. Former smokers had a significantly lower RVE\u27 compared with never smokers (beta=-0.414, SE=0.162, p=0.011), whereas no significant difference in RV systolic function was found between former smokers and never smokers. Conclusions: In a large multicenter community-based biracial cohort of middle-aged individuals, smoking was independently related to both worse RV systolic and diastolic functions

Quantum Smoluchowski equation: Escape from a metastable state

We develop a quantum Smoluchowski equation in terms of a true probability distribution function to describe quantum Brownian motion in configuration space in large friction limit at arbitrary temperature and derive the rate of barrier crossing and tunneling within an unified scheme. The present treatment is independent of path integral formalism and is based on canonical quantization procedure.Comment: 10 pages, To appear in the Proceedings of Statphys - Kolkata I